朝鲜王朝前期的北方沿江行城建置及其防御功能

Korea's Northern Riverside Fortresses of the Early Joseon Period and Their Defensive Function

朝鲜北方沿江行城,亦可谓朝鲜长城,是朝鲜王朝前期在其北方边境地区(鸭绿江与图们江南岸)为防备女真而建的重要军事防御工程。朝鲜行城的修建主要源于两种动力,它始建于1440年,整个建造期分为兴建与续修两大阶段,在时间上前后持续约半个多世纪,此外还有一并进行且持续更久的维护期。朝鲜王朝建造并持续利用行城的目的,主要是寄望于"保国封疆",将其作为"沿江防御体系"的重要组成部分,凭借江水实现"封疆"防御,以保证边防安稳。但是,因疏于管理,行城于清朝建立后被废弃。检视其兴建与维系历程,探究其防御作用,有助于理解近世东亚农耕民族与辽东农牧—渔猎民族的关系。

Korea's Northern Riverside Fortresses,also known as the'Korean Great Wall',was built in the early Joeson period at its northern frontier(i.e.,the southern banks of the Yalu and Tumen Rivers)to defend against the Jurchen people.Starting from 1440 and lasting for about half a century,two phases were discernible in the building of the project:construction and refurbishment.Besides,there was also a long-term period of maintenance.The purpose of this project was'to protect the country and enclose the territory'by the combination of fortresses and rivers.However,due to the lack of proper management and the establishment of the Qing dynasty,this project was finally abandoned.A review of the history of the project and its defensive function is conducive to understanding the relation between farming and fishing-gathering peoples in pre-modern Northeast Asia.