阿富汗穆沙希班王朝的文化整合与族际关系

Cultural Integration and Racial Relation in the Kingdom of Afghanistan

20世纪三十年代到七十年代初,阿富汗穆沙希班王朝力图在多元社会中整合国家认同。为此,穆沙希班王朝着力提升普什图语的地位,使之逐步取代波斯语(达里语)成为通用语言,同时以官方形式重新诠释阿富汗历史,塑造集体记忆。据此,现代阿富汗被视为上古雅利安文明的延续,普什图人则成为近现代阿富汗的历史主角。穆沙希班王朝试图以普什图文化强制同化多元族群文化,加强国家认同,削弱族群认同。但是,这一做法客观上却强化了族群边界与隔阂,引发了族际冲突,对当代阿富汗问题产生了严重影响。

From the 1930s to 1970s,the Kingdom of Afghanistan tried to create a national identity out of a multifaceted society.It gradually substituted Pashto for Persian as its official language,and reinterpreted the history of Afghanistan to strengthen a collective memory.According to such interpretation,modern Afghanistan was the descendent of the ancient Aryan civilization,and Pashtuns were the major group in modern Afghanistan.The kingdom tried to enforce a cultural integration by the preponderance of Pashtun culture,achieving an emphasis on national identity and a diminution of ethnic identities.However,this attempt in effect clarified the differences among ethnic groups,serving to intensify racial conflicts and casting a great impact on racial issues in contemporary Afghanistan.