社会保障收入对老年人护理服务利用率的影响

Analysis of Influence Effect of Social Security Income on Utilization Ratio of the Formal and Informal Care Nursing Service

文章采用中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据考察老年人护理服务利用率的变动趋势。结果显示,随着退休收入(养老金、医疗保险等社会保障收入)的整体性提高,老年人更倾向于社会护理服务而非子女提供的家庭护理服务,这种护理服务社会化进程的加速,其根源在于男性家庭成员"摒弃"了传统意义上的"养儿防老"职责。那些本来依赖家庭护理的老年人转而依赖社会护理服务或两者兼用。鉴于此,文章结合中国经济"新常态"和人口结构变动的现实背景,从"解放"女性劳动力、提升老年人"经济保障+服务保障"功能及社会保障制度建设协同服务建设的视角说明其政策含义。

This paper uses AHARLS data to analyse the elderly population's choosing a normal social care services or an informal family care service. The results of instrumental variable(IV) model shows that, with the overall increase of retirement income, pension, medical insurance and other social security income, the elderly population is more likely to use social care services rather than the family nursing service. The deeper root of the acceleration of the socialization process of care services is in family members' giving up Chinese traditional family responsibility that is 'bring up sons to support parents in their old age'. Moreover, as social security revenues rise, the elder people who have depended on informal family care have totally or partially switched to formal social care services. In view of this, combined with the realistic background of China's economic new normal situation and population structural changes, we put forward some policy implications from the perspective of the 'liberation' of women in the workforce, improving the elderly population's function of 'economic and service security guarantee', and the construction of social security system and cooperative services.