上海市就业人口的职住分离和结构分异

Spatial Mismatch of Job-housing and the Structure Variation for Employed Population in Shanghai

文章主要依据2015年1%人口抽样调查数据,基于居住与就业的空间关系,对上海市内部的跨区域职住分离状况进行了分析,并从年龄、学历、行业和职业几个方面分析了区域就业结构的职住分异状况。文章认为,大城市内部跨区域职住分离具有一定的时空节律和人群差别特征,就业人口的跨区域职住分离必然导致同一区域的就业人员结构存在着居住地与就业地的职住分异;不同人群的职住分离和通勤流动存在结构性的差别效应。因此,文章建议将职住分离纳入大城市人口问题的研究视野,把促进职住平衡作为推动大城市人口均衡发展的重要任务之一,在大城市人口调控中应把促进职住结合作为重要关注点,着力寻求区域内与跨区域平衡的最佳平衡点。

Based on data from the 1% National Population Sampling Survey in 2015 and considering the spatial relationship between job and housing, this paper analyzes the trans-regional spatial mismatch of job-housing(SMJH) in Shanghai,and the distinction of regional employment structures from the aspect of age, education level, industries and profession. The results indicate there are some laws of trans-regional SMJH in time-space and difference characteristics between cohorts; the trans-regional SMJH of employed population will therefore induce the spatial difference between living and working of regional employment structure in one place; the SMJH and commuting of different cohorts have differential effects. The study suggests the research of metropolis population should pay more attention to SMJH, the regulation and structure optimization of metropolis population should consider the spatial balance between living and working and the balanced development of population in metropolis should give priority to the job-housing spatial balance, in order to find an optimal balance between intra-region and trans-region.