设施桃园土壤养分变化规律及评价

Soil Nutrients Changes and Evaluation for Peach Cultivation under Greenhouse Conditions

为设施桃树合理施肥和可持续生产,研究了山西省山阴县设施桃树栽培土壤养分随种植年限的变化趋势。结果表明,山阴县土壤偏碱性,随设施桃园种植年限增加,p H有降低趋势,但仍适宜桃树生长;电导率有增加趋势,即土壤盐分积累;土壤有机质和速效氮、磷、钾的含量均随种植年限的增加而增加,且0~20cm土层均显著高于20~60cm;其中,土壤有机质处于中等至缺乏状态,速效磷、钾属于丰富状态,碱解氮在桃树根系分布层基本处于中等至缺乏水平;有机肥的使用使微量元素B、Zn、Cu、Fe随设施桃园种植年限的增加而提高,但有效B、Zn仍处于缺乏状态。研究表明,实践中应增施纤维素含量较高的有机肥料以提高有机质的积累,增强土壤缓冲性。同时,应注意采用开沟施肥和平衡施肥,减少磷肥和钾肥的施用量,适当提高氮、磷、钾配比,适当补充微量元素,确保环境安全。

By studying the peach orchard soil nutrient trend over the planting years in Shanyin county of Shanxi Province, we found the reasonable fertilization and sustainable production of peach grown in greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the soil in Shanyin county was alkaline, and the soil pH gradually decreased with the increase of greenhouse planting years, but still suitable for the growth of peach tree. The contents of soil organic matter and available N, P, and K increased with increasing years of planting in which the 0-20cm soil depth layer were higher than the 20-60cm. Among which the soil organic matter was at medium to deficit level, available P and K were at an abundant level and the alkaline hydrolysis N was at the medium to deficit level. The use of organic fertilizer made the content of trace elements B, Zn, Cu, Fe increased with the increasing of planting years in peach facilities, but B, Zn contents were still at the deficit level in the soil. In conclusion, the organic fertilizer with high cellulose content should be added to improve the soil organic matter accumulation and the buffering capacity. To minimize the environmental negative effects, more focus should be put on a balanced fertilization such as reducing the rate of P and K fertilizer, increasing the ratio of N, P and K, and proper supplementation of trace elements in soil.