不同结荚习性芸豆品种的开花及荚果形成规律研究

Study on the Flowering and Podding Habit Formation of Different Kidney Bean Varieties

观察不同结荚习性(有限结荚习性、无限结荚习性)芸豆品种的开花和结荚全过程,分析其开花和荚果形成规律,可为不同结荚习性芸豆品种的高产育种与栽培提供科学依据。以英国红(有限结荚习性)和张芸1号(无限结荚习性)为试材,在大田条件下,调查了芸豆的生育期和经济性状,并分析了植株开花和荚果形成的规律。结果表明:英国红开花时间(7月8日)较早,花期(38 d)较短,成熟较早(全生育期122 d),开花次序由植株中部开始逐渐向上、向下开放;张芸1号开花时间(7月11日)较晚,花期(40 d)较长,成熟较晚(全生育期144 d),开花次序由植株中下部开始依次向下、向上开放。但二者分枝上的开花次序均为由内向外依次开放。2个品种荚和荚皮鲜重及干重进入快速积累的开始时间均早于籽粒,其中,英国红荚、籽粒和荚皮的增重迅速且快于张芸1号,而张芸1号的增长速率相对较为平稳,但是最终,二者的籽粒鲜重和干重均相近。

The flowering and podding formation of different kidney varieties were analyzed through the observation of its whole flowering and podding process which also provided the basis for high yield breeding and cultivation. The growth periods and economic characters of Yingguohong （determinate habit） and Zhangyun No.1 （indeterminate habit） were investigated in the field. The formation rules of flowering and podding were also analyzed. The results showed that Yingguohong had earlier flowering time （July 8）, shorter flowering period （38 d） and earlier mature time （full growth period was 122 d） . The flowering sequence began from the middle of the plant and opened up to the upper and lower gradually. However, Zhangyun No.1 had later flowering time （July 11）, longer flowering period （40 d） and earlier mature time （full growth period was 144 d） . The flowers opened from the lower part of plant to lower and upper. The order of flowering on the same branch started from inside to outside. The accumulation of fresh weight and dry weight of pod-rinds and pods started earlier than seeds in two varieties. The growth of pods, seeds, fresh weight and dry weight of pod-rind of Yingguohong were faster than Zhangyun No.1 which had a relative stable growth. But in the end, the fresh weight and dry weight of these two warieties seeds were similar.