人的社会性与偏好的微观结构

Human Sociality and the Microstructure of Preference

本文在批评过去经济学低度社会化和过度社会化的局限基础上,详细梳理了人的适度社会性引入经济学研究的过程,重点阐述了新古典理性经济人的伪科学面,以及行为和实验经济学家对这一假说的证伪。本文指出,行为和实验经济学通过大量的实验室实验和实地实验研究,不仅发现了诸多违反新古典范式理论预测的反常现象,比如合作悖论、偏好反转等等,还同时发现了利他、互惠、公平和认同等社会偏好。社会偏好代表了人与生俱来的社会属性;社会偏好和理性自利偏好共同构成了适度社会化的人的偏好微观结构,两种类型的偏好形成互动关系,或挤入,或挤出,决定了人的复杂的社会行为,从而形成了人的丰富性和多样性。社会偏好理论和偏好的微观结构理论构成了行为和实验经济学的行为人假说,基于这一假说,经济学未来新的微观基础有可能得以重塑,而新古典范武将退化为一个特例。

Based on criticizing past economics about low socialization and excessive socialization, this paper analyzes the process of the moderate social economics research has been introduced, focusing on homo economicus＇ limitations, and highlighting the importance of prosocial behavior. By laboratory experiment and field experiment method, this paper points out that behavioral and experimental economics has not only discovered many abnormal phenomena which have violated the neoclassical paradigm, such as cooperation paradox, preference reversal and so on, also found social preferences such as altruism, reciprocity, equality and identity.The social preferences represent the social attributes that every person is born. Thesocial preferences and rational self-interest preference constitute the microstructure of preference for human who has moderate socialization, and one type of preferencesmay interact with another, or squeeze, or extrusion, determines the complex social behavior. The social preference theory and microstructure of preferences constitute the hypothesis of behavioral and experimental economics about human behavior, these theories may remodel the new microfoundation of economicsin future, and the new classical paradigm will degenerate into a special case.