野生二粒小麦与栽培小麦农艺性状及籽粒营养组分比较研究

Study on Grain Multicomponent Nutrition and Agronomic Characters of Wild Emmer Wheat from Israel and Some Cultivated Wheat

为丰富小麦的遗传背景、提升小麦的品质,以来自于以色列Hermon地区的110个野生二粒小麦和2份国外栽培小麦为供试材料,并测定其农艺性状和籽粒多组分营养成分,以发掘新的基因资源。结果发现,野生二粒小麦与栽培小麦籽粒蛋白质、植酸、氨基酸、总酚和农艺性状指标达到显著差异水平。网络相关性分析显示,野生二粒小麦与栽培小麦在籽粒营养性状间都呈现出较多的正相关,但是野生二粒小麦籽粒营养性状与农艺性状多呈现负相关。对两年环境中野生二粒小麦群体籽粒可溶性蛋白质和多组分营养含量的筛选中,发现基因型HP1籽粒氮素营养表现出极低值。同时,基因型HP143籽粒可溶性蛋白质的含量表现出较高值。通过对两个环境下小麦群体籽粒可溶性蛋白质和多组分营养物质含量的主成分分析发现,基因型HP143存在明显的分离,且HP143籽粒多组分营养性状的含量都较高。筛选到的小麦籽粒各组分含量极端的基因型个体,将为今后小麦遗传与育种研究提供有效的基因材料。对这些差异进行研究为改良小麦品种提供了遗传基础。

In order to enrich the genetic background of the wheat varieties and to improve their quality, 110 genotypes of wild emmer wheat which derived from Mt. Hermon of Israel and 21 foreign cultivated wheats were taken as material and multicomponent nutrition and agronomic characters of the grains were determined . The results showed that there were significant differences among protein, phytates, NH2, total phenol and agronomic characters between T. dicoccoides materials and cultivated wheat varieties. There was a certain positive correlation between different quality characters of T. dicoccoides materials and cultivated wheat varieties, but muhicomponent nutrition of wild emmer wheat grain had a negative correlation with agronomic characters. In the screening of wild emmer wheat population by soluble protein and multicomponent nutritional concentrations in two year environment, we found that HP1 was in low nitrogen nutrition. At the same time, we discovered that HP143 was in relatively high soluble protein. By analyzing the content of grain＇ s soluble protein and multicomponent nutritional under two different environments, we found that HP143 separated remarkably and its multicomponent nutritional content was relatively high. Screened genotypes with extreme nutrition contents might provide effective genetic material for inheritance and breeding of wheat. There were abundant diversities in quality characters of T. dicoccoides, which could be used in quality improvement of cultivated wheat varieties.