明代白昂家族三位女性墓志考释

A Textual Research on the Ming Epigraphs of Three Women in Bai Ang's Family

白昂是明代治水名臣,白氏家族在当时和后世颇具名望。白昂家族三位女性的墓志铭,记载了白氏世系传承、官职迁转与家族兴盛的过程,与明代中期的治水、民乱等系列事件有密切联系。白昂旁荫其侄入国子监是家族中的重大事件,碑传文中多次提及,对于研究明代的荫监制度具有参考价值。白氏园林盛甲一方,明代诗作、绘画中屡有描绘,有些出自名家手笔,本文对园林的建造与沿革进行了整理、分析。三方墓志与传世文献彼此呼应,反映出品官家庭中女性社会地位和日常生活的差异,是研究明代女性生存状态的珍贵资料。白氏家族碑传文牵涉政治、文学人物众多,关系错综复杂,本文对志文作者进行了考证。这三方墓志对于补充丰实史籍记载,研究明代历史变迁及江南地区官僚家族的社会生活,具有重要的史料价值。

Bai Ang is a Ming official famous for regulating rivers and watercourses and Bai＇s clan was prominent at that time and in later ages. Recorded in the epigraphs of three Bai＇s women, the lineage inheritance, official career and prosperity of Bai＇s family were all closely related to events in mid-Ming period ranging from the preventing floods by water control to several severe social unrests. Because of Bai Ang＇s services, his nephew was admitted to the Imperial College. It was mentioned many times in the epigraphs as an important event in Bai＇s family and could be considered as the useful reference in the study of the system of hereditary privilege to the Imperial College in Ming dynasty. The Bai＇s garden was exceedingly sumptuous so that it was usually depicted in poems and paintings by artists and even some masters at that time. The current author collates and analyzes the information of the origin and evolution of this garden. In concert with other historical literature, the three epigraphs are valuable in the study on women＇s situation in the Ming Dynasty for they reflected the different social status and daily lives of women in the family of an official. Many political and literary figures are involved in the epigraphs of Bai＇s family. Apart from the author of each epigraph, his governmental post at that time is also explicitly identified in this paper. The three epigraphs are of great value in supplementing the historical documents and researching the Ming history, especially the social life of the family of an official in the regions south of Yangtze River during that period.