长三角地区池塘养殖水产品重金属含量及其健康风险评价

Heavy metals content of pond aquaculture products in Yangtze River Delta and the health risk associated with human consumption

为全面了解长三角地区池塘养殖水产品重金属污染现状及食用风险,于2015年5月至11月分别在上海、江苏和浙江的13个养殖池塘采集了5类共13种水产品并进行了重金属含量的测定,同时根据每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)及风险评价指标分别评价了其食用安全性和健康风险。实验结果表明,长三角地区水产品体内重金属Cr和As的残留量很低,Cu和Pb有近60%的样点超标,而Cd在所有样点都超标,且底栖类水产品中重金属的浓度高于鱼类。根据每周水产品摄入量进行食用安全性评价的结果表明,Cu、Pb、Cr和As 4种重金属的百分比都小于100%,但Cd的占比远远超过100%,存在较大威胁。健康风险评价结果显示:部分水产品存在食用风险,且该风险主要由重金属Cu和Cd所贡献;就水产品种类而言,鱼类水产品的整体健康风险低于底栖类水产品。通过与沉积物中重金属含量的比较及相关性分析,初步得出长三角地区养殖池塘水产品体内的重金属Cd、Cr和As的残留可能与养殖池塘沉积物中重金属的污染有关。

This study aimed to investigate the content of heavy metals in pond aquaticulture products in the Yangtze River Delta and the health risk associated with human consumption. Thirteen kinds of aquaticulture products that belong to five categories were collected from13 ponds located in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang from May to November in 2015 and analyzed for heavy metals. The results showed that while the levels of Cr and As in the aquaticulture products were quite low, the levels of Cu and Pb at 60% sample points and the levels of Cd in almost all samples exceeded the guideline on aquatic product. Besides, and the concentration of heavy metals in benthic was higher than those in fish. Provisional tolerable weekly intake（PTWI） and health risk assessment were then used to evaluate the food safety and the health risks. The AWI/PTWI of Cu, Pb, Cr and As were found all less than 100%, but the AWI/PTWI of Cd was much more than 100% ：the risk of nearly half of the aquaticulture products was found exceeded the guideline for human beings, and the risk was mainly contributed by the heavy metals of Cu and Cd. Among the studied aquaticulture species, the overall health risk of fish was lower than that of the benthic.The heavy metals Cd,Cr and As in aquaticulture products from Yangtze River Delta were suggested to be closely related to the contamination of heavy metals in the sediment of the ponds.