基于利益相关者理论的重大决策社会稳定风险评估多元主体模式研究

Multi-subjects Pattern of Major Policy Social Stability Risk Assessment:From the Perspective of the Stakeholder Theory

作为一种新的理论分析范式,利益相关者理论可以看作是选择和构建稳评主体模式的理论基础和分析工具。依据该理论,稳评利益相关者包括政府、公众、企业、专业机构、专家、媒体等,并可依据米切尔评分法对稳评利益相关者分类,构建稳评"利益相关者/维度"矩阵。基于此,中国稳评主体模式应该由当前政府一元治理逻辑下的政府主导模式,向利益相关者合作逻辑下的多元主体模式转型。然而,由于"政府主导"理念的束缚、第三方发展的滞后、公众参与制度阙如以及权责关系羁绊,导致稳评多元主体模式构建的利益相关者缺位。通过从"维稳"到"参与"的理念革新、第三方评估主体能力的提升和相关制度规范的制度建设,能够培育稳评利益相关者,建立稳评多元主体模式。

As a new theoretical analytical paradigm,the stakeholder theory can be regarded as a theo- retical foundation and analytical tool for choosing and constructing subject pattern of social stability risk assessment. According to the stakeholder theory, the stakeholders of social stability risk assess- ment include government, public, corporation, professional body, expert and medium. We can classify the stakeholders and construct the ＂stakeholder/dimension＂ matrix of social stability risk as- sessment by the Mitchell score-based approach. In line with the above analysis, subject pattern of so- cial stability risk assessment in China should transform from the current government-leading pattern in the logic of single-government governance to multi-subjects pattern in the logic of cooperative- stakeholder. However, the stakeholders are absent for the construction of a multi-subjects pattern of social stability risk assessment currently because of the shackles of government-leading idea, the lag of development of the third-party, the absence of public participation institution and fetter of relation- ships between power and responsibility. The study suggests that we can cultivate stakeholders and es- tablish the multi-subjects pattern for social stability risk assessment through idea innovation from the stability maintaining to participation, improvement of the third-party assessment capability and insti- tutional improvement of the related system model.