西方哲学和中国现代文学批评:《红楼梦评论》

Western Philosophy and Modern Chinese Literary Criticism Hongloumeng Pinglun

王国维的《红楼梦评论》是将西方哲学与中国现代文学批评紧密联系在一起的开拓之作,其巧妙运用了叔本华的艺术理论来研究中国名著《红楼梦》,从深度和广度上论述了《红楼梦》的精神内涵、美学价值、伦理价值以及悲剧意识。在《红楼梦评论》中,王国维从生活之本质的角度出发探讨了《红楼梦》的哲学基础,认为《红楼梦》极度体现了人生的苦痛以及人不断追寻解脱之道,极具厌世解脱之精神,是一部举世瞩目的悲剧,完美展现了叔本华所谓的第三种类型的悲剧,因而被视作为"悲剧中的悲剧",是"壮美文学"的代表,其美学价值与伦理价值密切相关。写于一百一十多年前的《红楼梦评论》在当时既倡导了一种研究《红楼梦》的新方式,也为中国现代文学批评提供了示范。

Wang Guowei＇s Hongloumeng Pinglun is a pioneering work that closely combined western philosophy with modern Chinese literary criticism. It is a skillful application of Schopenhauer＇ s theory of art to the study of the well-known Chinese novel Hongloumeng. It examines the novel＇ s spirit, aesthetic value, ethical value, and tragic sense both in depth and in breadth. In the book, Wang Guowei discusses the basic philosophical assumption of Hong[oumeng starting from the point of view of the essence of life. According to Wang, Hongloumeng shows that life is suffering, and people search for the way of emancipation. The novel is a remarkable example of Schopenhauer＇ s third type of tragedy. It can be regarded as ＂the tragedy of tragedies＂ and is a representative work of the ＂sublime beauty.＂ Furthermore, the novel＇s aesthetic value and ethical value have become one. Wang＇ s work, written more than one hundred years ago, has set an example for modern Chinese literary criticism.