运动员的深智慧态度、意志品质及运动焦虑间的关联特征研究

Association of Deep Wisdom Attitude,Volitional Quality,and Sports Anxiety of Athletes

为探讨运动员深智慧态度、意志品质及运动焦虑三者间的关系,寻找减少运动焦虑、提高运动成绩的有效途径,以青少年运动员为研究对象,采用探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析、相关分析、多元逐步回归等方法对问卷调查所得数据进行统计分析,结果显示:运动员意志品质中的控制与信心2个特质与运动焦虑呈负相关,而意志品质中的控制、信心及承诺特质与深智慧态度的5个维度呈正相关;深智慧态度中的内部联系原理、循环进化原理、对立与互补原理、矛盾原理、低深原理与空无原理皆能有效预测意志品质中的3个特质;深智慧态度对意志品质具有正向预测力(路径标准化系数为0.45),同时对运动焦虑具有反向预测力(路径标准化系数为-3.7),意志品质对运动焦虑也具有反向预测力(路径标准化系数为-0.52).认为具有深智慧态度的运动员其缓解运动焦虑的能力更强,且通过提升意志品质进而降低运动焦虑的能力也更强.意志品质在深智慧态度对运动焦虑的预测作用中起着中介调节效应,其预测力高于深智慧态度对运动焦虑的直接预测力.

A questionnaire survey was carried out among adolescent athletes of sprint, hurdle and jump in Chongqing to investigate the relationship between deep wisdom and volitional quality and sports anxiety so as to reduce sports anxiety and improve sports performance. The data obtained were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that of the volitional qualities of the athletes, control and confidence were negatively associated with their sports anxiety, while control, confidence and commitment were positively correlated with five dimensions of their deep wisdom attitude. The principles of internal relations, of cyclic evolution, of opposition and complementarity, of contradiction, of low and deep and of nullity and void could all predict the three traits of volitional quality. Deep wisdom attitude had an important mediating effect on volitional quality and sports anxiety, the standardized path coefficient being 0.45 and -3.7, respectively. Volitional quality had a negative mediating effect on sports anxiety, with a standardized path coefficient of -0.52. It is concluded that an athlete with deep wisdom attitude is more capable of relieving sports anxiety and has a greater ability to reduce sports anxiety through improving his volitional quality, and that volitional quality plays an mediating role in forecasting sports anxiety by deep wisdom attitude and its predictive power is higher than that of deep wisdom attitude to directly predict sports anxiety.