日本社区营造中的魅力再生产--以东京谷中地区为例

The Attractiveness Reproduction During the Process of Community Planning in Japan: A Case Study of Yanaka District in Tokyo

在日本"社区营造"又被称为"町作り"或"街作り"("まちづくり"/"Machizukuri"),此概念于1970年代后兴起,与当地居民渴望拥有地方居住自决权、保护生活方式、改善居住环境、提升社区魅力密切相关。日本的社区营造以实现"魅力再生产"为目标,旨在提升社区的空间价值、社会经济价值与文化价值,强调多元主体参与和自下而上式的规划路径。本文详细分析并阐释了日本东京谷中地区魅力再生产的内涵、实施过程及其运作机制,借鉴日本的经验,为我国社区营造中的魅力再生产实践提供重要启发。

In Japan, the concept of Community Planning （Machizukuri in Japanese） was born after 1970s. It is closely related to the strong desire of local residents on getting the right of self-determination towards living, the life style maintaining, improving the living environment standard as well as on enhancing the community attractiveness. The community planning in Japan is aiming on realizing ＂attractiveness reproduction＂ with the target on enhancing the community space value, social economy value and culture value. It emphasizes the multiple-stakeholder participation with the bottom-up method. This essay expounds and analyzes the meaning, process and the operation mechanism of attractiveness reproduction in Yanaka District of Tokyo. Drawing lessons from Japan, the paper presents some enlightenment for China on the attractiveness reproduction implementation during the process of community planning.