地面液化烃储罐泄漏爆炸事故分析及处置方案

Analysis and Disposal Options of Leakage and Explosion Accidents of Liquefied Hydrocarbon Tanks on Ground

地面液化烃储罐大都集中存放且储量大,一旦发生泄漏爆炸事故,将会对周围人员的生命安全造成巨大威胁,同时造成重大财产损失,因此分析爆炸事故原因,对减少事故和经济损失具有重要意义。地面液化烃储罐事故主要包括储罐泄漏和火灾爆炸,其中发生事故频率最多的是储罐泄漏,泄漏主要发生在储罐的罐体、管道和安全附件等部位;火灾爆炸事故大部分是因为液化石油气泄漏时被点燃、遇火源发生闪燃或蒸气爆炸。泄漏处置方案包括关阀止漏、稀释驱散、注水排险、倒罐输转和应急点燃。火灾扑救措施包括强力冷却控制、放空排险、安全控烧、水流切封和干粉灭火等。

Liquefied hydrocarbon tanks are mostly stored in abundance and concentratedly. Once leakage and explosion accidents happen,it would lead to threat to the safety of people around and massive property loss.So analyzing causes of explosion accidents has an important meaning for reducing accidents and economic loss. The accidents of liquefied hydrocarbon tanks on ground mainly consist of tanks leakage and fire explosion. Among them, the most frequent accident is tanks leakage. Mostly, the leakage occurs in the body, tube and safety accessories of the tanks. Most fire and explosion accidents are due to the lighting during the liquefied petroleum gas leakage, the flash burn when meets fire sourees and the steam explosion. The disposal options of tanks leakage conclude valve closing, dilution, water flooding, transit operation and fire in emergency. The firefighting options of the leakage accidents consist of intensive cooling,evacuation,controllable fire,water sealing and cutting,powder extinguishing,etc.