面向能效的曲面数控加工刀具路径优化方法

Tool Path Optimization with High-efficiency and Low Energy Consumption for Surface CNC Machining

刀具路径规划是曲面数控加工过程的一个重要环节,优化的刀具路径能显著提高曲面加工效率,降低机床能量消耗。通过对刀具路径优化问题的描述及其影响因素的分析,建立以机床加工效率和能量消耗为目标,以主轴转速、进给量、机床功率、主轴力矩、加工行距及表面质量为约束的刀具路径优化模型。在模型优化求解过程中,根据待加工曲面曲率半径、刀具半径及曲面加工后的残留高度,优化出合理的刀触点间距和加工行距以确定刀触点;采用自适应模拟退火遗传算法对刀触点连接顺序和方式进行优化运算,寻求最优刀具路径。通过实例加工和与传统方法的对比,验证了提出方法的有效性和实用性。

Tool path planning is an important content in the process of complex surface CNC machining, and tool path optimization can significantly improve the machining efficiency, reduce the energy consumption of machine tools. Based on the description of the tool path optimization and the analysis of impact factors, an optimization model is established to achieve high machining efficiency and low energy consumption, with the constraints of the spindle speed, feed rate, power of machine tool, spindle torque, machining intervals and surface quality. In the optimization process, the number of the cutting contact points is determined by the optimized the cutter spacing and intervals, according to the surface curvature, cutter radius, and residual height of surface. The connection order and path way are optimized by using adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm. Finally, the validity and practicability of the proposed method are verified by practical examples compared with several traditional methods.