政府环境责任论纲

On Our Government's Environmental Responsibility

政府主导环境保护是全球性的普遍事实。这不是人的主观偏好,而是由环境问题的特性特别是环境价值的"多元"和环境供给能力的有限性决定的。生态文明建设注定是社会的整体行动。在这场整体行动中,需要由承担环境责任的强势政府控制环境容量和资源总量的使用、破解邻避效应以及搭便车等环保难题。强势政府的环境责任体系包含以下关键点:由环境的自然规定性所决定的责任体系;具有环境保护动力、公信力和执行力并在的强势中央政府;以环保目标为导向,实行地方行政首长负责制的地方政府;环保部门统领环境事务,在环境保护权责体系中居各相关职能部门之首;由立法机关、司法机关和社会力量构成的强有力的监督体系。构建以环境质量目标为基础和宗旨的政府环境责任制度的当务之急是完善现行《环境保护法》。

Government-led environmental protection is a global universal fact. The construction of ecological civilization is bound to be the overall action of society. In this operation,our government,which takes the environmental responsibility,should control the use of environmental capacity and the total amount of resources,andsolve difficulties as the NIMBY effect,free ride and other environmental problems. The environmental responsibility system of the powerful government includes the following key points: the responsibility system,the powerful central government,the local government,the environmental protection departments and a forceful supervision system. It is imperative to improve the existing Environmental Protection Law by building a government environmental responsibility system based on environmental quality objectives.