太行山区枣园土壤与叶片及果实中19种矿质元素含量的相关性分析

Correlation analysis on the contents of 19 mineral elements in soil,leaf and fruit of Chinese jujube in Taihang Mountain

为了揭示枣园土壤与叶片、土壤与枣果、叶片与枣果之间各元素含量的相关性,为枣园合理施肥提供理论依据。以我国重点枣区河北省太行山区的主栽品种婆枣为试材,从9个山地枣园中分别采集枣园土壤、枣树叶片及枣果实样品,测定除C、H、O外的14种植物必需矿质元素和5种植物有益元素的含量。结果显示,太行山区枣园土壤中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Na含量丰富;叶片中各元素含量均大于果实,其中N、K、Ca、S、Mn、Zn、B、Se、Cl差异显著。土壤中各元素之间关系复杂,相关性规律各不相同;叶片中除Ca、B、Zn、Al外各元素间的多为正相关;果实中元素间多呈正相关,但Ni、Al、Si与其他元素间多呈负相关。土壤与叶片及土壤与枣果间各元素含量的相关性大多不显著。叶片与果实各元素间多为正相关,且N、S、Mo达显著水平,K、Mn、Cu达极显著正相关。因此,在枣树上根据叶片营养诊断指导配方施肥较测土配方施肥更为可靠。枣园要更加重视叶片喷肥,以提高肥料利用率。

To study the correlations on the contents of 19 mineral elements in soil, leaf and fruit of Chinese jujube. ＇Pozao＇, the leading cultivar of Chinese jujube （Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ）in Taihang Mountain,a major jujube growing region of China,was taken as the experimental material,and the samples of soil,leaf and fruit were collected from 9 jujube orchards of varied locations. The total contents of the 19 kinds of mineral elements,including 14 plant essential elements and 5 plant beneficial elements, were analyzed to reveal the correlations of mineral elements between soil and leaf, soil and fruit, as well as leaf and fruit. The soil of Taihang Mountain jujube growing region contains abundant total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Na. The contents of all the 19 elements in jujube leaf are higher than those in jujube fruit,a- mong which the elements of N, K, Ca, S, Mn, Zn, B, Se and Cl are significantly different. The content relationships among the elements are comlex and vary a lot in soil. Most mineral elements except for Ca,B,Zn and Al show positive correlation with each other in leaf. In fruit, positive correlations exist between most mineral elements excluding Ni,Al and Si. No significant correlations of mineral elements are found between soil and leaf,or soil and fruit. However,the majority of the mineral elements show positive correlations between leaf and fruit, which reaches P〈 0.05 level in N,S and Mo,and P 〈 0.01 level in K,Mn and Cu. Therefore,it is much more reliable to guide the formulated fertilization in Chinese jujube on the basis of leaf nutrition diagnosis than soil nutrition diagnosis. In addition, much more attention should be paid to the foliage application to improve the fertilizer utilization ratio in jujube orchard fertilization.