国际立法中的湿地恢复激励机制及启示

Wetland Restoration Incentive Mechanism in International Legislation and Its Enlightenment

湿地恢复激励机制在《生物多样性公约》、《湿地公约》等国际性立法中得到了充分体现,其主要方式有以直接付费、反向财政激励、以税收减免为主的财政性激励机制和以良好宣传的激励、独占使用湿地资源的激励、湿地缓解银行激励为主的非财政性激励机制。文中对这些激励机制进行了规范考察和效果分析,提出在湿地保护制度和机制构建中借鉴国际立法中的湿地恢复激励机制成功经验、丰富湿地恢复激励方式、拓宽湿地恢复资金来源、推行社区共管的湿地管理模式、加强公众环境教育是实现湿地资源保护的有效途径。

The incentive mechanism of wetland restoration is well reflected in the international legislation such as Convention on Biological Diversity and Ramsar Convention. The main types are financial incentive mechanism which includes direct payments, avoidance of financial penalties, tax deductions and credits, and non-cash incentive mechanism which includes the incentive of favorable publicity, the incentive to exclusive use wetland resources and wetland mitigation banking. After the investigation and analysis of these incentive mechanisms, the paper proposed that in the establishment of wetland protection system and mechanism, learning the successful experiences of wetland restoration incentive mechanism in international legislation to enrich wetlands restoration incentive methods, broaden the funding sources of wetland restoration, promote the community wetland co-management mode and strengthen the public environmental education is the effective way to protect wetland resources.