我国喀斯特石漠化地区林草植被恢复模式的诊断与调整

Identification and Modification of Vegetation Recovery Model at China's Karst Rockified Areas

喀斯特石漠化地区耕地面积稀少、人地矛盾剧烈、生态环境脆弱、植被恢复难度极大,提高喀斯特生态系统的生态经济功能、遏制石漠化发展仍然是当前的主要工作之一。众多学者采用林草植被恢复进行了石漠化综合治理研究,经过长期的生物学过程检验发现这些模式虽然成效显著,但是也存在一定的问题。文中选取具有代表性、典型性和时效性的15种喀斯特石漠化地区林草植被恢复模式,深入分析了各模式的特点和成效,并就存在的关键问题进行诊断,发现主要存在结构缺失型、立地衰退型、低度适应型和产业脱节型4种缺陷类型;依据不同缺陷类型的基本特征,提出了模式调整和结构优化需要突破异龄复层混交、地力改良、适应性修复和产业链延长等关键科技问题,以期为喀斯特地区石漠化综合治理提供理论依据,促进生态、社会、经济全面协调与可持续发展。

The rockified area in Karst region has a low proportion of farmland, severe contradiction between human and land, fragile ecological environment, and superior difficulty of vegetation restoration, one of the major work at current stage is to improve the eeo-economic function of Karst ecosystem and curb the rockification spread. Many scholars have conducted integrated studies of rockification control adopting vegetation restoration modes, and though these modes have been proven effective after long-term prominently biological process tesL This article analyzed in detail the characteristics and achievements of the 15 selected vegetation recovery modes which are representative, typical and time limited in Karst region, and diagnosed the existing key problems to find 4 kinds of defect types, i.e. , structure deletion type, site recession type, low adaptability type and industry disconnection type. Based on the basic characteristics of different types of defection, it put forward the key science and technology issues which are neven aged stands, soil fertility improvement, adaptive restoration and Industrial chain extension that could adjust the model and optimize the structure, with the expectation to provide the theoretic foundation for the integrated rockification control in Karst region and promote the coordinated and sustainable development of ecological, social and economic aspects.