职业道德语境下博物馆的公众服务功能

The Public Service Role of the Museum in the Context of Museum Ethics

为社会公众提供优质的服务,无疑是所有现代意义博物馆的天职,其对博物馆事业健康发展的重要性是毋庸置疑的。博物馆公众服务功能的发挥需要多维度的考虑,既有诸如《博物馆条例》等制度性设计作为保障,更要有博物馆职业道德准则的自律与约束,而后者是衡量博物馆行业是否成熟的重要标准。在博物馆界,《国际博物馆协会博物馆职业道德准则》被公认为博物馆及其从业者的最低标准,比较清晰地反映了当代博物馆发展的新形势和新要求。它的相关原则在博物馆公众服务领域的引入,不仅约定了博物馆与公众的关系,弥补了博物馆法律工具的滞后性,而且帮助博物馆在利益博弈中做出正确判断。值得关注的是,中国博物馆在引入上述职业道德准则的过程中,如何制定资助和创收政策,如何解读和展示敏感文化物品,如何尊重所处或所服务的社区,如何对待非传统服务对象等,仍需要业界理性面对、深入讨论。

To provide quality service to the public is a mission of modernist museums, which is vital to the sound development of the museum cause. The performing of the public service function of the museum requires multi-dimensional considerations, which include both the external regulations such as Regulations on Museums as an institutional safeguard and the internal disciplines and standards stipulated by the code of ethics for museums; the latter is an important criterion for examining the maturity of the museum industry. ICOM Code of Ethics for Museums has been accepted as the minimum standard for museums and museum practioners by international museum community. It reflects the new situation and requirements for contempo- rary museums. The adoption of the Code of Ethics in the public service sector of museums defines the rela- tionship between the museum and its public, provides a legal instrument, and help the museum make approp - riate decisions against conflicts of interest. In adopting the Code of Ethics in China, questions such as how to make regulations for funding and profit making initiatives, how to interpret and exhibit sensitive materials, how to respect the local community, how to tackle with people with special needs require further objective and in-depth discussions.