日本博物馆的现状与课题

Present Status and Challenges of Museums in Japan

日本博物馆的诞生源自于明治维新所推行的近代化政策,成为政府用于完善社会教育的常设机构。自1951年日本《博物馆法》颁布后,日本博物馆历经二十多年的建设高峰期,随后受日本社会经济变动的影响而面临严峻的运营危机,陷入"博物馆的寒冬时代"。在此期间,日本博物馆政策发生了巨大变化。根据文部科学省的年度社会教育调查和日本博物馆协会的综合调查结果,日本博物馆一方面面临财政严峻、预算和人员不足的问题,另一方面也需要开展新的活动传承历史文化。

The birth of museums in Japan was a result of the modernization policy implemented in the Meiji Restoration, under which the museum became a social institution contributing to social education. Fo- llowing the issuing of the Museum Act in 1951, museums in Japan went through a over two-decade long peri- od of rapid development. However, affected by the fluctuation of the society and economy, museums in Japan have fallen into ＂the severe winter time＂ facing great challenges in operation. As a result, museum policies in Japan have underwent drastic changes. The annual report from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan and the investigation results from Japanese Association of Museums show that museums in Japan are facing problems of funding and manpower shortage. They are encouraged to deve- lop new programs to preserve history and culture.