普惠金融能缩小城乡收入差距吗?——基于非线性与线性面板模型的检验

Can Inclusive Finance Narrow the Urban-Rural Income Gap? Verification based on Nonlinear and Linear Panel Model

普惠金融通过农村资本的形成、配置及技术创新而缩小城乡收入差距。本文依据2005-2014年中国省际面板数据,基于非线性与线性面板模型检验普惠金融对城乡收入差距的影响。结果表明:对全国而言,普惠金融对城乡收入差距的影响表现为先扩大后缩小的非线性特征;对东部地区的影响表现为先加剧后放缓的动态特征,对中部地区的影响表现为持续拉大的线性特征,普惠金融对西部地区城乡收入差距影响不显著。普惠金融的发展程度与农村资金是否逃逸到非农行业或产业,是制约普惠金融缩小城乡收入差距的症结。因此,普惠金融政策的制定要统筹规划、因地制宜,应努力降低农村居民与乡镇企业获取金融服务的门槛。

Inclusive finance reduces urban-rural income gap through the formation, allocation and technological innova- tion of rural capital. Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2005 to 2014, this paper examines the influence of inclusive finance on urban - rural income gap based on nonlinear and linear panel model. The results show that at the na- tional level, the impact of inclusive finance on urban-rural income gap is characterized by the first expansion and then reduction non-linear characteristic; the impact of the urban-rural income gap in the eastern region is characterized by the dynamic characteristic of the slowdown after the first increase, the impact on the central region is characterized by a continual widening linear characteristic and the influence of inclusive finance on urban-rural income gap in western China is not significant. The degree of development of inclusive finance and the escape of rural funds to non-agricultural indus- tries or industries are the bottlenecks that constrain inclusive finance to narrow the urban-rural income gap. Therefore, the formulation of inclusive financial policies should be planned in an all-round way and act according to circumstances, and try to reduce the threshold of access to financial services for rural residents and township enterprises.