中国与美国企业生产组织模式对比分析

A Comparative Analysis of Production Patterns between Chinese and American Enterprises

面对中国对外贸易的新常态,中国企业更深入地参与全球生产将成为常态。本文在不完全契约情况下,利用世界投入产出数据库的数据对美国和中国各行业在价值链的平均位置进行测度,并利用回归方法分析公司内贸易进口份额、要素密集度和进口弹性对企业生产组织模式的影响,同时测度中国在全球价值链中的位置。研究结果显示:每个下游化测度和相应部门的公司内进口份额之间具有正向稳定的关系,这个关系只取决于购买者行业面对的需求弹性值;当生产投入可以互补时,企业选择放弃上游的控制权以鼓励上游厂商投资,因为这种投资会对下游厂商产生积极的溢出效用;当需求没有弹性时可以做相反的预测,即一体化相关上游阶段是最优选择,这时能够看到价值链下游进行的外包。

In the face of the New Normal of China＇s foreign trade, Chinese enterprises will participate in the global pro- duction more deeply. In the case of incomplete contract, this paper uses the data of the world input-output database to measure the average position of American and Chinese industries in the value chain, and uses regression method to ana- lyze the influence of intra-company trade import share, factor intensity and import elasticity on enterprise production or- ganizational model, while measuring China＇s position in the global value chain. The results show that there is a positive and stable relationship between ＂downstreamness＂ and intrafirm import share, which only depends on the demand elas- ticity of buyer＇s industry; when the production inputs can be complementary, companies choose to give up control of the upstream to encourage upstream firms to invest, because this investment will have a positive spillover effect on down- stream firms ; when demand is not elastic, the opposite can be predicted, that is, the integration of upstream phase is op- timal choice, then we should be able to see the outsourcing of value chain downstream.