试析多层级体貌系统视阈下日语阶段体的构筑

A Tentative Analysis on the Construction of Japanese Phrasal Aspect in the Multi-Level Aspectual System

通过将日语的阶段动词与汉语的阶段体进行对比,发现"阶段"这一体貌意义无论是在日语还是在汉语里,都是通过连接在主动词后的辅助性成分来表达的。虽然中日文对阶段的划分不一致,但是对"阶段"这个体貌意义的捕捉方式却极为相似,且都将其归入体貌系统中。除此之外,在两种语言当中,"阶段"虽然是体貌系统的一部分,但是与一般意义上的"体"是有区别的,它们在体貌系统中所处的层级不同。本文通过论证,认为可以将日语里形态学范畴的"体"命名为"核心体",而将表现阶段性体貌意义的阶段动词命名为"阶段体"来区分两者。

By comparing Japanese phrasal verbs with Chinese phrasal aspect, we can draw a conclusion that whether in Japanese or in Chi- nese, ＂phase＂ that stands for the aspectual meaning is expressed by the grammatical form of the auxiliary components positioned after the main verbs. Although these two languages differ in the classification of the term ＂phase＂, yet they share a common captivating mode of the aspectual meaning of＂phase＂ in the aspectual system. Besides, ＂phase＂ is part of the aspectual system in both Japanese and Chinese. However, it is not the same as the ＂aspect＂ in its general sense in that they are located in different levels of the aspectual system. Therefore, this study suggests that the aspect in the category of Japanese morphology can be termed as ＂core aspect＂, while the phrasal verbs expressing phrasal as- pectual meanings as ＂phrasal aspect＂, so that these two concepts can be distinguished from each other.