急诊科护士工作场所暴力状况及其相关认知与需求的调查

A survey of workplace violence and its related cognition and demands of nurses in emergency de-partment

目的 了解北京市急诊科护士工作场所暴力的发生状况及护士对工作场所暴力的认知和相关需求.方法 采取方便取样法,于2014年2—10月使用医院工作场所暴力调查问卷调查北京市13所医院的385名急诊科护士经历的工作场所暴力情况.结果 385名护士在过去的12个月中经历工作场所暴力事件的发生率为89.9%,其中辱骂占89.9%,威胁占70.6%,躯体攻击占20.5%,性骚扰占3.9%;护士的应对方式主要为忍让回避、耐心解释、向他人求助;81.6%的护士认为工作场所暴力在工作中不可避免,78.7%的护士认为医院对既往暴力事件处理不得力;希望医院增加预防工作场所暴力的培训、设立专门处理暴力事件的部门、对工作场所暴力采取＂零容忍＂政策.结论 急诊科护士遭受工作场所暴力已经成为普遍现象,建议个人、医院、政府、社会均应采取措施,医院能有更积极的应对态度,减少急诊科工作场所暴力的发生.

Objective To describe the prevalence of workplace violence against nurses in emergency departments,and investigate its related cognition and demands of nurses. Methods A total of 385 emergency department nurses from 13 general hospitals in Beijing were recruited by convenient sampling method and were investigated with the Version of Hospital Workplace Violence Questionnaire in February to October 2014. Results The prevalence of workplace violence against nurses was 89.9% during the past 12 months. The incidence of verbal abuse,threat, physical assault and sexual assault were 89.9%,70.6%,20.5% and 3.9% respectively. The responses of nurses were mainly ＂tolerance and avoidance＂,＂explain patiently＂ and ＂ask for help＂;81.6% of the nurses considered that workplace violence was inevitable in the workplace,and 78.7% of the nurses thought the hospital was not capable of dealing with workplace violence in the past. The nurses demanded that the hospital to increase the prevention of workplace violence training,to set up a sector to deal with violence events,or to take on workplace violence policy of ＂zero tolerance＂. Conclusions Workplace violence against nurses is prevalent in emergency departments. Nurses hope the hospital to have more positive attitude against workplace violence and take more measures to prevent and deal with it. Further intervention should be conducted to reduce workplace violence against nurses by individuals,hospitals,the government and the whole society.