重庆市某区采石场粉尘与噪声职业危害分析

Assessment of occupational hazards of dust and noise in quarries of a district of Chongqing City

目的探讨重庆市巴南区露天采石场存在的粉尘、噪声危害程度及职业病防治情况。方法依据国家有关标准,2015年对重庆市巴南区11家采石场工作场所的粉尘、噪声进行检测,并结合采石场工人体检及问卷调查结果进行分析。结果 11家采石场共294名工人(男261人,女33人)。总尘总体超标率为14.07%,破碎和振筛岗位的超标情况最严重(分别为24.32%和40.00%);游离Si O2含量大多在10%以下;总体噪声超标率50.98%;听力异常检出率22.54%,疑似尘肺及职业性手臂振动病检出率均为1.88%;工人对职业卫生防护相关知识知晓率为2.08%~53.13%。结论该市采石场工人接触噪声引起的职业健康损害问题突出,不仅要加强对企业的监督、管理,还要对采石场工人加强培训,增强其对粉尘、噪声的防护意识。

[ Objective ] To investigate the extent of dust and noise damages,and occupational disease prevention and control in quarries of Banan District of Chongqing City.[Methods] On the basis of the relevant national standards,the dust and noise were detected in 11 quarries of Banan District of Chongqing City. The results were analyzed with workers＇ health examination results and survey results.[Results] There were 294 workers （261 male,33 female） in ll quarries. The total over standard rate of total dust was 14.07%,crushing and sieving positions had the serious situation （24.32% and 40.00%,respectively）. Free SiO2 content was less than 10% in most positions. The total over standard rate of noise was 50.98%. The detection rate of hearing abnormal was 22.54% ,that of suspected pneumoconiosis and occupational arm vibration was both 1.88%. The awareness rate of occupational health protection was 2.08%-53.13%.[Conclusion] The occupational health hazards caused by noise in the quarries of this district are serious. It is necessary not only to strengthen the supervision and management of enterprises,but also to pay more attention to train the workers, improving their protection consciousness of dust and noise.