铁路企业职业危害因素接触人员健康状况

Health status of workers exposed to occupational hazard factors in railway enterprises

目的了解职业危害因素接触人员的健康状况,为开展职业健康监护等提供科学依据。方法以济南铁路局企业接触职业危害因素的职工为对象,职业健康体检由专业机构完成。结果接触职业危害因素职工血液生化指标异常以血脂升高为最高,占32.72%;血压升高占18.70%;B超检查以脂肪肝检出率最高,占32.33%;心电图检查以心率异常检出率最高,占17.77%;血常规检查,HGB异常率最高,占9.25%;尿常规异常率为16.21%。各检测指标在接触组之间异常率不同,其中血脂升高、肝功能异常、WBC和尿常规异常率在不同接触组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肝囊肿、胆囊息肉、肾结石、ST-T改变和左心室高电压检出率在不同接触组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同职业危害因素对职工健康影响不同,应引起关注,在制定控制措施时应分别对待。

[Objective] To understand the health status of workers exposed to occupational hazard factors, provide scientific basis for carrying out the occupational health surveillance. [Methods] The workers exposed to occupational hazard factors in enterprises of Jinan Railway Administration were enrolled in this study, and the occupational health examination was performed by the specialist agencies. [Results] In the workers exposed to occupational hazard factors, the detection rate of elevated blood lipid （32.72%） was the highest among the blood biochemical indexes, the detection rate of elevated blood pressure was 18.70%, the detection rate of fatty liver （32.33%） was highest by B-ultrasonic examination, the detection rate of abnormal heart rate （17.77%） was highest in electrocardiographic examination, the abnormal rate of HGB （9.25%） was the highest in routine blood examination, and the abnormal rate of routine urine examination was 16.21%. The abnormal rates of indexes were different among different exposure groups, and the differences in detection rates of increased blood lipid levels, abnormal liver function, white blood cell count （WBC） and abnormal routine urine examination results were statistically significant among different exposure groups （P〈0.05）, while there were statistically significant differences in detection rates of hepatic cyst, gallbladder polyps, renal calculus, ST-T changes, and high voltage of left ventricular （P〈0.05）.[Conclusion] Distinguishing measures should be formulated according to the diversity of different occupational hazard factors on workers＇ health.