北京市顺义区中小学生盐与健康相关知识、信念和行为调查

Investigation on knowledge,attitude and behavior on salt and health among primary and secondary school students in Shunyi District of Beijing

目的了解北京市顺义区中小学生盐与健康相关知识、信念、行为,为有针对性地开展干预措施提供工作依据。方法随机抽取2所小学的3~5年级,2所初中的1、2年级,2所高中高1、2年级的1 556名学生进行问卷调查,回收有效问卷1 433份。结果学生了解我国成人每人每日食盐摄入量、食盐过多增加患高血压风险的学生比例分别为57.78%和81.86%。0.84%的学生能选对全部6种高盐食品,86.81%的学生认为自己的口味适中或偏淡,学生每周至少食用1次以上高盐食品和高盐调味品的比例分别为70.97%和67.06%,听说过低钠盐、控盐勺、选购食品时会选择少盐食品、外出就餐要求少放盐,打算减少食盐摄入的学生比例分别为44.38%、65.67%、38.94%、42.92%和84.37%。结论北京市顺义区中小学生对于盐相关知识的深入认知、控盐相关行为的掌握均较差,高盐食物的消费频率仍较高,应加强中小学生盐相关健康知识和控盐相关行为的干预,引导中小学生形成低盐膳食习惯,预防慢性病的发生。

[Objective] To investigate the knowledge, attitude and behavior （KAB） of salt and health among primary and secondary school students in Shunyi District of Beijing,provide scientific evidence for carrying out targeted interventions [Methods] A questionnaire survey was conducted in 1 556 students who were collected from grade 3-5 of 2 primary schools, grade 1-2 of 2 middle schools and grade 1-2 of 2 high schools by the convenience sampling, and 1 433 valid questionnaires were recovered. [ Results ] The proportion of students who knew the recommended intake of salt and excessive salt intake may increase the risk of hypertension was 57.78% and 81.86% respectively. Only 0.84% of students correctly chose all the 6 kinds of high-salt food. 86.81% of the students thought their taste was moderate or light. The proportion of students who ate the high-sah food and high-salt spices at least once a week was 70.97% and 67.06% respectively. The proportion of students who have known the low sodium salt and salt controlling spoon, selected the low salt food when shopping,required less salt when when dining out,and intended to reduce salt intake was 44.38%, 65.67%, 38.94%,42.92% and 84.37%, respectively.[ Conclusion] The knowledge and skills about salt controlling are poor among primary and secondary school students in Shunyi District of Beijing,and the consumption frequency of high salt food is high. It is necessary to strengthen the targeted interventions on knowledge and skills about salt and health among primary and secondary school students,and guide them to form the eating habits of low salt diet,to prevent the chronic diseases.