北京市朝阳区社区老年居民高血压流行现状及危险因素

Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among community elderly residents in Chaoyang District of Beijing

目的了解北京市朝阳区社区老年居民高血压的患病率,分析高血压的危险因素,为高血压的预防提供参考。方法采用分层随机抽样方式,于2015年7月—2016年4月,从北京市朝阳区4个街道8个居委会共选择1 800名社区居民作为研究对象,收集所有居民的基线资料,同时进行血压测量与实验室检测,进行危险因素的分析与判断。结果 1 800例老年居民中共有高血压患者320例,发病率为17.8%,其中男240例,女80例;平均年龄(71.93±7.93)岁;平均收缩压为(156.33±12.92)mm Hg;平均舒张压为(102.33±9.14)mm Hg;偏相关方法显示年龄、吸烟、体质指数、腰围、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和高血压家族史与收缩压、舒张压均呈正相关(P<O.05);多因素分析模型结果显示年龄(OR=3.422)、吸烟(OR=2.671)、体质指数(OR=2.681)、TC(OR=5.383)与C-反应蛋白(CRP)(OR=3.352)为导致老年居民高血压的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论北京市朝阳区社区老年居民高血压的发病率比较高,年龄、吸烟、体质指数、TC与CRP为主要的危险因素,为此不仅要综合控制,还要遵循个体化原则,以期达到更好的防控效果。

[ Objective ] To understand the prevalence rate of hypertension among community elderly residents in Chaoyang District of Beijing, analyze the risk factors of hypertension, and provide reference for the prevention of hypertension.[nethods] Using a stratified random sampling method, 1 800 community residents were collected from 8 communities of 4 sub-districts in Chaoyang District of Beijing as the research objects during the period from July 2015 to April 2016. The baseline data of all residents were collected, meanwhile, the blood pressure measurement and laboratory examination were performed, to analyze and determine the risk factors. [Results] There were 320 hypertension patients among 1 800 community elderly residents with the incidence rate of 17.8%, including 240 male patients and 80 female patients. The average age was 71.93±7.93 years old. The average systolic pressure and diastolic pressure was （156.33±12.92） mm Hg and （102.33±9.14） mm Hg respectively. Partial correlation analysis showed that the age, smoking, body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, and hypertension family history were positively correlated to the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure （P〈0.05）. Muhifaetor analysis model results showed that age （OR=3.422）, smoking （OR=2.671 ）, body mass index （OR=2.681 ）,TC （OR=5.383） and C-reactive protein （CRP） （OR=3.352） were the independent risk factors for the hypertension （P〈0.05）. [ Conclusion] The incidence rate of hypertension is relatively high among community elderly residents in Chaoyang District of Beijing, and the main risk factors are age, smoking, body mass index,TC and CRP. On the basis of comprehensive control measures, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of individualization to achieve better control effect.