天津市麻疹家庭内传播特征研究

Study on transmission characteristics of household-acquisition measles in Tianjin

目的分析天津市麻疹家庭获得性病例基本特征和发病危险因素。方法利用麻疹监测信息报告管理系统,对麻疹家庭获得性病例家庭进行流行病学调查。结果 2014—2015年天津市共报告家庭获得性疫情24起,涉及病例51例,家庭首发和续发病例出疹时间间隔中位数M=11.5 d。24起疫情中只有11起(45.83%)于发现疫情3 d内及时开展了应急接种。发病危险因素分析显示年龄是麻疹发病的重要因素,<1岁组婴儿麻疹罹患率100%。家庭获得性病例传播模式中,75.00%的家庭感染由成人引入。家庭获得性病例和社区病例之间麻疹临床特征和住院率无显著性差异。结论降低麻疹家庭感染风险,预防妊娠期麻疹,保护小月龄婴儿,成人接种疫苗是关键。

[Objective] To analyze the epidemiologieal characteristics and risk factors of household-acquisition measles in Tianjin. [Methods] Using the Measles surveillance information report management system, an epidemiological investigation was conducted to survey the household-acquisition measles cases.[Results] Totally 24 outbreaks of household-acquisition measles were reported in Tianjin from 2014-2015, included 51 measles cases. The median of rash interval time in index case and secondary cases in household was 11.5 days. Only 11 （45.83%） outbreaks were given the emergency vaccination within 3 days. Age was the risk factor for measles in household, and the attack rate of children under 1 year old in families was 100%. For the transmission pattern of household-acquisitions of measles, 75.00% were initiated from adults and spread to household. There were no statistically significant differences in the clinical symptoms and hospitalization rate between household-acquisition cases and community cases. [Conclusion] Adult MCV immunization is the key method to reduce household infection risk, prevent measles of pregnant women and protect infants.