2015年天津市汉沽区124家企业职业卫生管理现状调查

Occupational health management status in 124 enterprises in Hangu District of Tianjin in 2015

目的了解天津市汉沽区2015年不同规模企业职业卫生管理情况,探讨相关问题,为完善该地区职业卫生管理工作提供参考依据。方法采取问卷调查的方式对汉沽区全部企业进行基本情况和职业卫生管理相关信息的调查。结果该区124家企业,其中微型企业33家(26.61%)、小型企业70家(56.46%)、中型企业18家(14.51%)、大型企业3家(2.42%),总从业人数21 877人,接触职业病危害的有8 297人(37.9%);分布最广的职业病危害因素为粉尘、噪声、高温;就全部企业而言,职业病危害申报、执行"三同时"等职业卫生管理相关指标的总执行率在16.1%~30.6%;按企业规模划分,除为接害人员做过职业健康检查和制定职业危害管理制度外,不同规模企业进行职业病危害申报、执行"三同时"、开展职业病危害检测、设置专门的职业卫生管理机构、配备职业卫生管理人员和制定劳保用品发放制度的执行率差异均有统计学意义,且企业规模越大执行程度越好。结论汉沽区企业职业卫生管理状况整体较差,尤其在职业卫生管理机构设置和职业卫生管理人员的配备方面甚是薄弱,应着重加强;微、小型企业存在问题严峻,应引起相关部门的高度重视。

[Objective] To understand the occupational health management status in enterprises of different scale in Hangu District of Tianjin, explore the related problems and provide reference basis for improving the occupational health management in this area. [Methods] Questionnaire survey was applied to investigate the basic situation and information related to occupational health management of all enterprises in Hangu District. [Results] There were 124 enterprises in this district, including 33 micro enterprises （ 26.61% ）, 70 small enterprises （56.46%）, 18 medium enterprises （ 14.51% ） and 3 large enterprises （2.42%）. The total number of employees was 21 877, while 8 297 people exposed to occupational hazards （37.9%）. Dust, noise and high temperature were the most widely distributed occupational harmful factors. For all enterprises, the total implementation rate of relevant indicators of occupational health management （such as occupational hazards declaration and three simultaneity management） ranged from 16.1% to 30.6%. Except occupational health examination for the workers and establishment of occupational hazard management system, the differences in implementation rates of occupational hazards declaration,three simultaneity management, occupational hazards detection, setting up special occupational health administration institutions, occupational health management personnel and formulating labor insurance supplies distribution system were statistically significant among enterprises in different scale, and the implementation rates were increased with the increasing of enterprise＇s scale. [ Conclusion] The overall situation of occupational health management in enterprises is not satisfactory in Hangu District, especially in occupational health management agency and occupational health management personnel, which need to be improved. Problems existing in micro and small enterprises are serious that relevant departments should pay high attention to.