6433例精神科急诊患者人口及疾病学资料的调查分析

Investigation of demographic and disease data of 6433 patients in psychiatric emergency

目的 对精神科急诊就诊非取药患者的人口学资料和疾病学资料进行调查.方法 选取2015年1月23日~2016年1月31日在北京安定医院急诊就诊的6433例非取药患者,按照攻击风险评估表及自杀危险因素评估表评分分为攻击组、自杀组、攻击自杀组、非攻击非自杀组,并对患者的人口学资料和疾病学资料进行统计分析.结果 人口学资料显示女性：男性（3628/2805）,居住在北京、汉族、年龄在21~30岁的患者占多数;疾病学资料显示起病无诱因、性格内向、无家族史的患者占多数.攻击组和非攻击非自杀组进行比较,性别、居住地、有无伴侣、父母关系、是否在职、有无诱因、性格、家族史方面差异有统计学意义（χ2分别为18.513,9.46,17.40,27.21,11.078,8.402,11.059,9.129;P＜0.01）;自杀组和非攻击非自杀组进行比较,性别、父母关系、有无诱因、性格、家族史、躯体疾病方面差异有统计学意义（χ2分别为15.894,6.594,67.309,4.309,5.715,32.779;P＜0.05）.诊断躁狂状态的患者更容易出现攻击行为,诊断焦虑抑郁状态的患者更容易出现自杀行为（P＜0.01）.结论 精神科急诊就诊患者中女性多于男性;就诊年龄以21~30岁居多,居住地在北京、无伴侣、父母关系不好、目前在职、发病有诱因、性格外向、精神疾病家族史阳性、诊断躁狂状态的男性多出现攻击行为;而父母关系不好、性格内向,有起病诱因、家族史阳性、有躯体疾病、诊断为焦虑抑郁状态的女性患者多出现自杀行为.

Objective To investigate the demographic and disease data of patients in psychiatric emergency who were not taking medicine. Methods Totals of 6433 cases of non-medication patients who were treated in department of emergency,Beijing Anding Hospital were included. According to the attack risk rating scale and the suicide risk factor rating scale,all patients were divided into attack group,suicide group, attack-suicide group and non-attack-non-suicide group. The demographic and disease data of each group were analyzed. Results According to the demographic data,ratio of female to male was 3628 to 2805. Most patients were living in Beijing,Han nationality,between 21-30 years old. Based on disease data,most patients were with no inducement,introverted and with no family history. There were significant differences in gender （χ2=18.513）, residence （χ2=9.46）,partner （χ2=17.40）,relationship between parents （χ2=27.21）,job （χ2=11.078）,in-ducement （χ2=8.402）,character （χ2=11.059） and family history （χ2=9.129） between attack group and non-attack-non-suicide group （P 〈 0.01）. There were significant differences in gender （χ2=15.894）,relationship between parents （χ2=6.594）,inducement （χ2=67.309）,character （χ2=4.309）,family history （χ2=5.719） and physical disease （χ2=32.779） between suicide group and non-attack-non-suicide group （P 〈 0.05）. Patients diagnosed with manic state were easier to show aggressive behaviour,while patients diagnosed with anxiety and depression were easier to have suicidal behavior （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusions Most patients in psychiatric emer-gency department are women,aged 21-30 years old. Male patients who are living in Beijing,without partner, with bad relationship between parents,on duty,with inducement,extrovert,with family history of mental dis-eases and diagnosed with manic state are more likely to show aggressive behaviour. However female patients who are with bad relationship between parents,introvert,with inducement,with family history,with physical disease and diagnosed with anxiety and depression are more likely to have suicidal behavior.