基于粒子群优化算法主动悬架作动器多目标优化设计

Optimum design of active suspension actuator using multi-objective stochastic particle swarm optimization

为了使电动轮主动悬架系统的电磁直线作动器具有高推力密度、低铜耗和低推力波动特性,提出基于粒子群算法的圆筒形Halbach永磁直线同步电机作动器多目标优化设计方法,推导Halbach直线作动器径向气隙磁场密度、空载感应电动势、电磁力解析式,并采用有限元法对其进行了验证。基于Halbach磁体结构的气隙磁场进行参数化分析,获得磁体参数优化范围,以永磁体、气隙与槽深尺寸为优化变量,以推力体积比系数、铜耗系数为优化目标,采用基于自适应罚函数的多目标随机粒子群优化算法对作动器结构参数进行优化,并利用模糊集合理论对Pareto最优解进行选优。研究结果表明:优化后作动器结构紧凑,且作动器铜耗及波动明显降低,验证了作动器设计的正确性与多目标优化的有效性。

To achieve high thrust density, low ripple and low copper loss of electromagnetic linear actuator in active suspension system of the electric wheel, a multi-objective optimization design method of tubular Halbach permanent magnet linear synchronous motor using stochastic particle swarm optimization was presented. The analytical formulas of gap magnetic field, induced voltage and electromagnetic force were deduced, and the validity of formulae was verified by FEM. The optimum range of Halbach permanent magnet parameter was obtained through the parametric analysis of gap magnetic field. Setting permanent magnet, gap and slot depth as optimization variables and taking thrust volume coefficient and copper loss coefficient as optimization objective, the actuator structure parameters were optimized with multi-objective stochastic particle swarm optimization based on self-adaptive punishment. The best Pareto optimal solution is selected based on the fuzzy set theory. The results show that after optimization, the actuator structure is more compact, and both the copper loss and thrust ripple decrease significantly. The validity of multi-objective optimization is verified.