美国政府的联邦标准化体系研究与思考

Study and Thinking on the Federal Standardization System of the United States Government

政府主导制定的标准是实现标准化改革"政府引导"的一个重要内容。美国《联邦标准化程序》等法规定义了联邦规范、联邦标准和商品规范,构成了联邦产品描述,以及自愿标准,联邦部门和机构规范以及标准组成的联邦政府标准化体系。介绍了联邦规范、联邦标准、商品规范和联邦部门标准的内容和结构及其使用。从美国联邦标准化的实践看,中国标准化可采取以公共采购为导向的政府标准化;建立政府标准,由政府制定和使用;以及保护包括政府标准在内的标准版权的改革措施。

The government-driven standards are an important part of the standardization reform ＂government guidance＂. The ＂Federal Standardization Program＂, a law of the United State, defines federal specification, federal standard and commercial item description （CID）, federal product descriptions （FPDs） as well as voluntary standards, federal standardization system composed of departmental and medium specifications and standards. The paper introduces the content, formats and use of federal specifications, federal standards, CIDs and federal departmental standards. From the practice of United States federal standardization, various reform measures can be taken in the Chinese standardization development, such as applying the public procurement-oriented government standardization, establishing government standards developed and used by the Government and the protecting the copyrights of standards including government standards.