黄麻纤维/ES纤维复合材料制备及力学性能分析

Preparation of jute fiber/ES fiber composites and its mechanical properties

将黄麻纤维与ES纤维通过针刺非织造工艺制备成非织造布,再经过热压工艺制备成黄麻纤维/ES纤维复合材料,分析了黄麻纤维/ES纤维质量比和黄麻纤维碱处理对复合材料力学性能的影响。通过试验发现,复合材料的拉伸强度与弯曲强度都随复合材料中黄麻纤维的质量分数增加而呈现出先增加后减小的趋势;对于黄麻原麻/ES复合板材,比例为15/85、20/80时,其拉伸强度和弯曲强度最大,纵、横向拉伸强度达到33.69、28.43 MPa,纵、横向弯曲强度达到最大值36.28、31.75 MPa;对于黄麻碱处理/ES复合板材,比例为25/75、30/70时,其拉伸强度和弯曲强度最大,纵、横向拉伸强度最大达到41.06、39.47 MPa,其纵、横向弯曲强度达到最大值49.96、40.38 MPa。试验表明,碱处理提高了黄麻纤维和ES纤维之间的相容性,提高了界面结合强度,碱处理后的黄麻纤维增强ES纤维复合材料的力学性能优于未处理前。

The needle felt is prepared with the jute fiber mixed with ES fiber by needle punching process, and then jute fibers reinforce composites（JFRC） are prepared by thermoforming. The mass ratio of jute fiber/ES fiber and the effect of jute fiber on the composites are analyzed. The results show that the tensile strength and flexural strength of the composites increase firstly and then decrease with the increase of jute fiber content. When the ratio of raw jute fiber/ES fiber is 15/85, 20/80, the tensile strength and bending strength of raw jute fiber/ ES fiber composites are best, longitudinal and transverse tensile strength reach maximum 33.69, 28.43 MPa, and longitudinal and transverse bending strength obtain maximum 36.28, 31.75 MPa. When the ratio of treated jute fiber/ES fiber is 25/75, 30/70, longitudinal and transverse tensile strength reach maximum 41.06, 39.47 MPa, and longitudinal and transverse bending strength obtain maximum 49.96, 40.38 MPa. The results show that alkali treatment can improve the compatibility between jute fiber and ES fiber and increase the bonding strength of interracial, and the mechanical properties of the jute fiber reinforced composite after alkali treatment are superior to those of raw jute fiber reinforced composites.