朝鲜时期号牌制实施考论

An Study of Haopai System(号牌) Implementation in Joseon Dynasty

朝鲜时期,上至王族、朝官,下至庶民、公私贱,所有16岁以上的男丁都需佩戴号牌。在广义上,号牌制已经成为户籍制度的组成部分。作为朝鲜时期控制人丁的根本制度之一,号牌制具有掌握民数、征兵调役、辨别身份、抑制百姓迁移等基本功能。从实施经过看,号牌制存在反复存废、不能有始而终的特点,且每次实施前后,朝中上下都有诸多讨论,可以说是朝鲜时期备受争议的制度之一。各朝对号牌制的重视与朝鲜王朝职役制及身份制等社会经济构造有着密切联系。

In Joseon Dynasty, from royalty, senior officials to common people and slaves, every male who was over 16 years old should wear Haopai （号牌 ） Broadly speaking , haopai system had become one part of household registration system. Haopai system was one of basic systems of controlling people, with the function of counting population, recruiting labors, maintaining status system and restraining people＇s migration. It was also one of the most controversial issues that not only could not carried out until end, but also full of disputes before or after the implementation each time. Each dynasty attach great importance to haopai system in connection with socio-economic systems of jigyeok （号牌） and status in Joseon Dynasty.