马尔库塞人性论探析

Analysis of Marcuse's Human Nature

人性论问题是人类哲学最重要的论题之一,马尔库塞的人性论结合了弗洛伊德主义与马克思主义关于人性的观点,认为人的本质是爱欲,提出人的历史是爱欲受压抑的历史,解放人的关键是爱欲的解放。马尔库塞所提出的人性论是从生理学角度来阐述的,因此说马尔库塞的人性论只能是一种抽象的人性论。研究马尔库塞的人性论,就在于全方位地了解人自身及其人对自身认识的角度和层次,自然性是人的重要属性之一,它必须得到人类在认识层面上的足够重视,因为这是人的生存愉悦和幸福的前提条件。人在认识自身属性的同时也必须超越自然属性对人的影响,因为人的自然属性只是人性的一部分,人作为社会性的动物,他的社会属性更是对感性的升华,也是人类进入理性和逻辑层面的必要条件,也只有把二者从不同的维度充分地认识清楚,我们才能诠释出人是如何能够自由而全面发展的。

Humanity problem is one of the most important topics of human philosophy, Marcuse＇ s theory of human nature is a combination of Freud＇ s doctrine and Marxism ideas about human nature, he thinks that the essence of man is love, puts forward the human history is the history of the constrained and love, the liberation of the people is the key to lust. Marcuse proposes to illustrate the theory of human nature from the physiology angle, so that Marcuse＇ s theory of human nature can only be a kind of abstract theory of human nature. On the study of Marcuse＇ s theory of human nature, for life in today＇ S society we are also the existence of significance. The author discussed Marcuse＇ s theory of human nature in all aspects, the understanding of people themselves and their understanding of their own point of view and hierarchical, naturalness is one of the important part of the properties of the people, he must be on the understanding level of human enough attention, because it is a prerequisite for the survival of people pleasure and happiness. People in their own properties at the same time also must go beyond the influence of nature on people, for the nature of man is only part of human nature, people as a kind of social animal, his social attribute, the sublimation of the perceptual and human into the necessary conditions of rational and logical level, only the understanding of the dimensions of both fully clear, how can we interpret out people can be free and comprehensive development.