海岱地区史前城防体系的考古学观察

Archaeological Study of Prehistoric City Defense System in Haidai Region

黄河下游的海岱地区是中国史前城址发现数量较多、分布较为集中的文化区。在生产发展、社会分化的大背景下,此地史前城址普遍构筑了一定规模的防御体系。这些早期城市的防御体系以城自身防御设施为主,城外天然屏障、周边自然资源、相邻聚落拱卫为辅。史前城防体系是筑城技术进步的产物,反过来促进了龙山时代筑城运动和早期城市化、文明化的进程,在一定时期、一定范围内起到了御敌自卫的防御效能,对后代城市防御体系的构建产生了较大影响。

Haidai region, located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, is a place with a large number of prehistoric cities. With the background of industrial production and social division, certain scales of defense system were built in these prehistoric cities. These systems were based on cities＇ defensive facilities and supplemented by natural barriers and natural resources outside the cities. In addition, the surrounding settlements also protected cities. These systems depended on progresses of architectural technology and promoted the early fortification movement during the Longshan Period. The urbanization and civilization courses also benefited from these systems which defended citizens against the enemy at certain times. ？The urban defense systems played a defensive role and have a profound influence in history.