经验性治疗肝移植术后非结核分枝杆菌感染1例附文献复习

Empirical treatment of nontuberculosis mycobacterium infection after liver transplantation: one case report and literature review

目的总结肝移植术后非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)感染的诊疗经验。方法对第二军医大学附属长征医院收治的1例肝移植术后NTM成功经验性治疗病例进行研究分析,并对相关文献进行回顾。结果 1例肝移植术后7个月NTM感染患者,临床表现以午后发热为主,动态CT检查提示病情进展时右肺下叶基底段内病灶扩大融合且出现薄壁空洞。采用纤维支气管镜检查(刷检或灌洗)、结核分枝杆菌感染T细胞免疫斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)、多次痰培养及经验性抗结核治疗支持NTM感染的诊断。该患者诊断性四联抗结核治疗有效,治愈后出院。随访持续至投稿日,患者病情平稳,无再次出现发热、咳喘症状,肝功能正常。结论肝移植术后NTM感染罕见但不可忽视,纤维支气管镜刷检或灌洗可提高阳性发现率,诊断性四联抗结核治疗有效。

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculosismycobacterium （NTM） infection after liver transplantation. Methods Clinical experience of effective treatment of 1 case with NTM at 7th month after liver transplantation at the Shanghai Changzheng Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University was summarized and literature review was performed. Results Following liver transplantation, the NTMpatient was clinically manifested with fever in the afternoon. CT scan prompted the progression of the disease. The lesions were enlarged and fused with thin-walled cavity in the right upper lung. The diagnosis of NTM infection was validated by fiberoptic bronchoscopy （brush or lavage approach）, spot test of T cells infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis （T-SPOT. TB）, multiple phlegm culture and empirical anti-tuberculosis therapy. The patient was effectively treated and successfullydischarged after diagnostic quadruple anti-tuberculosis therapy. The patient was followed up until the day of manuscript submission. The patient was physically stable without the symptoms of fever and cough with asthma. The liver function was normal. Conclusions The incidence of NTM infection is rare and inneglectable after liver transplantation. Application of fibrobronchoscopy via brush or lavage approach can enhance the positive diagnostic rate. Diagnostic quadruple antituberculosis therapy is efficacious for NTM infection.