中国企业对外直接投资的省际差异及影响因素

China's OFDI:Inter-Provincial Differences and Influencing Factors

企业是对外直接投资的载体,研究企业在中国对外直接投资过程中,在母国境内的时空差异变化及影响因素,有助于加快中国企业走出去的步伐和"一带一路"建设.文章首先利用泰尔指数等指标,分析了自2005年至2014年间企业对外直接投资在各省份间的空间分布差异及随时间的演变过程;进而采用多元回归的方法,探讨了各区域间对外直接投资的时空分布差异的影响机制.结果发现:(1)随着时间的推移,境内主体的数量在各省际间分布的差异越来越小,逐渐趋于均衡.(2)各省份间的差异和东部地区的内部差异显著,中西部地区内部差异不显著;东部地区和边境地区是我国对外直接投资的主要来源地.(3)市场因素、技术因素、出口额和OFDI存量是决定全国各省对外直接投资差异的关键因素;企业类型和技术创新是影响东部地区内部分布差异的主要因素;影响中西部地区对外直接投资的差异大体相同,企业类型为主要因素,友好城市和财政支出等对其也有一定影响.值得注意的是,研发支出、普通本专科毕业人数等对中西部地区的影响为负值,与东部地区形成强烈反差.

Enterprises are the carrier of foreign direct investment, research on change in time and space within the country and the influencing factors in China~ foreign direct investment,helps to accelerate the pace of Chinese enterprises to go out and ＂one belt one rold＂ construction. This paper first analyzes the spatial dis- tribution of the FDI between provinces and the evolution of the time from 2005 to 2014, and then uses the method of multiple regression to explore the relationship between the regional direct investment and the mecha- nism of the difference in the spatial and temporal distribution of investment. The results show that： （ 1 ） Over time, the number of domestic subjects is becoming smaller and smaller in the provinces. （2） The differences between the provinces and the eastern region of the significant differences between the central and western re- gions of the internal differences are not significant; the eastern regions and the border areas of Chinas foreign direct investment is the main source. （3） Market factors, technical factors, export volume and OFDI stock are the key factors to determine the difference of foreign direct investment in the provinces. The enterprise type and technological innovation are the main factors influencing the internal distribution of the eastern regions. The factors influencing the foreign direct investment in the central and western regions The difference is rough- ly the same, the type of business as the main factor, friendly cities and financial expenditure on its also have a certain impact. It is noteworthy that R ＆ D expenditure, the number of ordinary college graduates on the im- pact of the central and western regions for the negative, and the eastern regions to form a strong contrast.