沙化土地整治背景下的沙漠化监测预警

Desertification monitoring and early warning in context of sandy land consolidation

为保障中国粮食及生态安全,对沙化土地整治开发过程进行沙漠化监测预警尤为必要。该文以科尔沁左翼后旗为例,基于Landsat 8 OLI影像,利用决策树分类实现沙漠化监测,并将监测结果引入"压力-状态-响应"模型,综合沙漠化影响因素和人为响应措施,实现沙漠化预警,最后与各类土地整治项目标准进行比对分析,对研究区土地整治项目实施的效果进行评价。1)研究区沙漠化形势较为严峻,沙漠化面积占研究区总面积的88%,其中以轻度和重度沙漠化为主,两者占研究区总面积的61%,另外极重度沙漠化占6%,主要位于科左后旗西部;2)沙漠化预警警度分为重警、中警、轻警和无警,其中沙漠化中警面积最大,沙漠化重警与极重度沙漠化空间分布大致相同,但前者更趋向于研究区西北方向的牧区,沙漠化无警和轻警则主要位于科左后旗东部的农区;3)在土地整治项目中,高标准基本农田建设项目和农用地整治项目以沙漠化无警面积最大。宜农后备土地开发项目、土地复垦项目以沙漠化轻警和中警为主,而沙漠化重警则主要零星分布于农用地整治项目、宜农后备土地开发项目和饲草料基地建设项目中。总体来看,研究区在土地整治背景下,进一步沙漠化的风险不高,但局部沙漠化重警区须加以关注。研究结果可为研究区后续土地整治规划调整提供决策依据。

In order to ensure China＇s food and ecological security, it＇s particularly necessary to perform desertification monitoring and early warning during the land consolidation projects execution. The study area was located in Kezuohouqi which is famous for the sandy land. Based on Landsat 8 OLI image data, desertification monitoring was achieved by the decision tree classification method. The desertification early warning system was constructed by PSR （pressure-state-response） model; the natural and human influencing factors of desertification were regarded as ＂pressure＂, the desertification monitoring results were regarded as ＂state＂, and the land consolidation projects were regarded as ＂response＂. The weight of each factor in the PSR model was set by expert scoring method, and DESI （desertification ecological security index） was adopted in this paper; the greater the index, the lower the risks of desertification. Based on the DESI, the results of desertification early warning were divided into 4 different levels through natural breakpoint method, namely, no desertification warning, slight desertification warning, medium desertification warning and severe desertification warning. In the end, the validity of land consolidation could be evaluated through calculating the area of different desertification early warning results in the land consolidation projects and conducting the comparison. The results showed that： 1） The area of desertification accounted for 88% of study area. To be exact, the area of medium and severe desertification accounted for 61% of the total area, and the extremely severe desertification was mainly concentrated in the western part of the study area whose area accounted for 6% of the total area. 2） The zonal differentiation of desertification early warning results was clear; the spatial distribution from east to west in Kezuohouqi in turn was no desertification warning, medium desertification warning, slight desertification warning, medium desertification warning, severe desertification warning, and then medium desertification warning. The area of medium desertification warning was the largest, and the distribution laws of severe warning desertification and extremely severe desertification were similar, but the severe warning desertification tended to gather in the northwest pastoral areas of Kezuohouqi, the slight warning and no warning areas were located in the eastern part of Kezuohouqi, and the land use pattern was mainly agricultural land. 3） In the land consolidation projects, high quality capital farmland construction and arable land consolidation were mainly distributed in the areas with no desertification warning. The potential land suitable for agriculture and the project of land reclamation were mainly distributed in slight desertification warning area and medium desertification warning area. There was the sever desertification warning land among the farmland consolidation, the potential land resources suitable for agriculture, and forage grass base construction projects, whose distribution style was sporadic. However, the severe desertification warning area in high quality capital farmland was not up to the mark and should be eliminated from the projects. Overall, in the context of land consolidation, the risk of further desertification is small. The severe desertification warning area would be a key point for land consolidation projects, and the government must put a high premium on the sever warning area. The results of desertification early warning in this paper can provide the reference for land consolidation and adjustment.