修辞技艺·信息传递·知识扩散:诗歌自注的多重功能——以王安石、苏轼、黄庭坚为例

Rhetoric,Message and Knowledge: on Functions of Self-note in Chinese Ancient Poems——A Case Study on Poems of Wang An'shi,Su Shi and Huang Tingjian

自注,出自作者之手,以补充注解本文。由汉至宋,诗文自注渐趋增加,从史书走向文学,演变为一种重要的创作修辞手段。诗人通过自注,补充传递特殊信息,引导读者理解,维护作者权威,调节诗作的阅读接受效果,助力表情达意功能的实现。借助自注,诗人变为沟通者,意图将诗歌呈现给更广大、甚至跨越时空的读者群;承载了个人经验的自注信息,依托诗歌文献传播,进入公共传播领域,扩展读者视阈,参与和丰富了传统中国的知识内容和生产模式。唐宋时代,尤其元祐时代诗人的自注,不仅是一种重要的文学、文化现象,还反映了彼时诗人关注知识的范围和兴趣,具有思想史的意义。

The self-note, provided by the poet himself, is supposed to give supplementary explanations to the text. From Han to Song Dynasty, the self-note in poems became more and more popular and thus developed into a very important rhetoric method for writing. By means of self-notes, the poet not only guides the reader to understand the text with special messages, keeps the authoritative position of the author, enhances the influence of reading effect of the poem, but also achieves the implementation of ideational function of the expression. In addition, through self-notes, poets intend to present their poems to more readers, even beyond time and space, while messages, loaded with distinctive personal experience, are likely to get into the public field with the result of widening readers＇ vision and enriching Chinese traditional knowledge system. The self-note in Tang and Song dy- nasties, especially during Yuanyou Reign Period, is thought to be of great significance in the intellectual history as it acts as an important literary cultural phenomenon on one hand and reflects poets＇ knowledge scope and interest at that time.