“道通为一”新论——重释庄子《齐物论》

A New Interpretation about “All Things Are the Same or as a Whole in the Taoist Perspective”——Re-interpretation of Chuang Tzu's Qi Wu Lun

"道通为一"是庄子《齐物论》里面的核心概念,"通为一"之"一"在《齐物论》里具体为表示自然性的一样之"一"与表示整体性的一体之"一"。"通"始终要回到人的层面,人只有摆脱肉体之我的困缚和经验之我的先见,在"通"于道即达道的意义上,虚以待物才可以包容万物又能葆有人之主体性。而要做到这一点,就要"吾丧我",如此才能达到显现物性清明圆满和人之本真存在的审美境界。另外,道通为一、复通为一、知通为一作为"通为一"的三个不同层面和视角形成一个紧密的回环,且"道"、"通"、"一"各有其独立的特殊义涵。

＂All things are the same or as a whole in the Taoist perspective＂ is the core concept of Chuang Tzu＇ s Qi Wu Lun, in which, ＂the same or as a whole＂ could be explained as the same property in nature or all-in-one in in- tegration. ＂In the Taoist perspective＂, people are concerned to take the approach to everything modestly and inclu- sively and preserve the subjectivity of human beings without the excessive lust of id and the too much previous pre- conception of ego. Accordingly, the state of ＂I lose myself＂ is considered as an aesthetic state, where things are real and perfect and people exist authentically. In addition, ＂the same or as a whole＂ contains three levels of view ： ＂All things are the same or as a whole in the Taoist perspective＂, ＂All things are the same or as a whole whether growing or destroyed＂ and ＂Those who are sensible know all things are the same or as a whole＂, which form a close circle. The Chinese characters ＂Tao＂, ＂Tong＂ and ＂Yi＂ have special significance respectively.