人际对待的理性原则与情感原则

On the Rational Principle and Emotional Principle of Interpersonal Treatment

人际对待的基本要素包括对待者与被对待者、对待行为与对待原则,人的本质作为人际对待的"第一问题",意味着不同的道德原则皆基于对人的本质的不同理解,在探讨道德原则之前有必要反思诸原则所承诺的人的本质。人际对待道德行为的论证可以区分为理性原则与情感原则,这两种原则是诸多人际对待道德原则的一个简单区分。理性原则预设了"主体之间的相互关系"这一基本前提,只能为道德行为提供外在的理由;理性原则所依据的是人的理性能力,理性能力的对象是"可思"的同一性。人际对待的情感原则可以适用于"主体—对象"形式的单向关系中,能够为道德行为提供内在的动机,情感原则所依据的是人的情感能力,情感能力的对象是"可感"的差异性。

The basic factors of interpersonal treatment include the moral agent and moral patient, the moral conduct and moral principle, and the human essence seen as the first question of interpersonal treatment. Presupposing the inter-subjectivity, the rational principle of interpersonal treatment provides an extrinsic justification for the moral conduct and deals with the cognizable identity due to the human＇ s rational power. On the other hand, the emotion- al principle of interpersonal treatment could be appropriate for the unidirectional or asymmetrical moral conducts in a subject-object model and provides an intrinsic motivation for the moral conduct. The emotional principle is deter- mined by human＇ s emotional capability, which is confronted with the sensible diversity or otherness.