新时期农村基层社会治理中社会组织的重构

On the Reconstruction of Social Organizations in the Rural Substrate Society Governance in the New Era

自建国以来中国农村社会进行了四次生产关系的调整,农村经济体制的变革使得农村社会的组织状态也随之改变。传统农村社会以"血缘"和"地缘"为纽带的宗族组织逐渐瓦解,以国家干预为主导的"自上而下型"的组织状态也逐渐发生演变。尤其是税费改革后,越来越多的农村社会成员游离于组织之外。为避免农村社会的"原子化"困局及农村基层社会在治理公共事务时的动员力不足等问题,农村社会组织的重构已经成为必然。社会组织的重构是将农村个体重新纳入到组织中来,在农村基层社会治理中实现政府与基础社会的良好互动。

Since the founding of China, the Chinese rural society has undergone four restructuriions in its production relations, in which the reform of rural economic system has changed the status of the rural social organization. Once based on the consanguinity and the geographical relation of clan organization, the traditional rural society, disinte- grated eventually, and the ＂top-down＂ type of organizations also varied gradually even if dominated by the state in- tervention. Especially after the reform of taxes and fees, more and more rural social members dissociate themselves from the organization. In order to tackle the dilemma that the rural society is to be ＂atomized＂ and the issues that the mobilization of the rural substrate society is inadequate to govern the public affairs, we are expected to reconstruct the rural social organizations inevitably. The reconstruction of the social organization is aimed to get the rural individuals back into the organization and to achieve a better interaction between the government and the grassroot society in the rural substrate society governance.