论马克思恩格斯的自由观及其当代运用

A Commentary of Marx and Engels' Concept of Freedom and Its Contemporary Application

自由是人类历史实践的主题,实现全人类的自由解放则是马克思主义理论探索的最终目标。对自由及其实现的不同理解,构成了思想史上的不同理论学说。自由主义和无政府主义都对什么是自由、如何实现自由作出了自己的解答,但都缺乏客观有效的实现方式。马克思恩格斯在扬弃自由主义、批判无政府主义的唯心自由观中,建构了历史唯物主义的自由观和科学社会主义的实践道路。在当代中国的思想争锋和现代中国治理实践中,中国马克思主义者自觉运用马克思恩格斯的自由观,丰富和发展了马克思主义的理论和实践。

Freedom is a theme of practice in human history and making the liberation of human beings true is the ultimate goal for Marxist theory. Different understandings of freedom and its realization path lead to different theories in the ideological history. Both liberalism and anarchism have their own answers to what is freedom and how to achieve it, though they have not found any objective or effective way to implement it. Instead, Marx and Engels construct the historical materialism and the practical road of scientific socialism in sublating the liberalism and criticizing the freedom of anarchist idealism. In resolving the ideological conflicts in contemporary China and exercising the social governance in modern China, Chinese Marxists have consciously put Marx and Engels＇ concept of freedom into practice, enriching and developing Marxist theory and practice.