二十国集团合作治理模式的有效性分析

Analyzing the Effectiveness of the G20's Cooperative Governance Model

二十国集团(G20)的治理活动已扩展至经济、金融、反避税、能源等多个议题领域。在不同的议题领域,G20表现出不同的治理有效性。作为一项非正式机制,G20需要在具体议题领域通过与其他国际机制合作来开展治理。相关协议是否得到遵守和执行以及问题是否得到解决可以作为衡量治理有效性的两条标准,而G20合作治理模式的有效性由以下两个关键因素决定:由中间方在相关议题领域的中心地位、问责能力、物质资源、专业技能、与目标行为体的联系构成的合作机制的治理能力以及G20对该机制的影响力。这一假设在国际反避税合作和全球能源治理两个议题领域的案例中得到了验证。在反避税案例中,G20拥有能力较强的中间方经济合作与发展组织,并且G20对经济合作与发展组织有较大影响力,因此国际反避税治理取得了良好效果。在能源治理案例中,全球能源治理机制高度碎片化,没有任何能源机制处于中心地位,并且G20对合作伙伴的影响力非常有限,这使G20在能源议题领域开展的治理行动基本无效。

The scope of G20's governance activities has been expanded to diversified issue areas including economy,finance,anti-tax evasion,energy and so forth.However,the effectiveness of the G20 governance varies in these different issue areas.What factors lead to the variation of the effectiveness of the G20 governance?This article attempts to answer this question.As an informal regime,G20 has to cooperate with other international institutions to achieve its governance goal.Based on this fact,we hypothesize that two factors are determinants of the governance effectiveness.The first one is the intermediary's governance ability,which consists of the intermediary's centrality in the relevant issue area,accountability,material resources,technical expertise and its connection with the target actors.The second one is the G20's influence in the intermediary regime.To test this hypothesis,we take whether the agreements are complied and implemented and whether the problems are solved as the measuring criteria,and carry out case studies in two issue areas including international tax governance and global energy governance.