新格赖斯理论视角下的英汉反语对比研究

A Comparison of English Irony and Chinese “fan yu”from a Neo-Gricean Perspective

本文以格赖斯的哲学思想为出发点,对格赖斯理论进行修订和扩充来作为研究反语的新思路。在此视角下,英语反语被分为四种类型:命题否定类、概念倒反类、超现实反语和似真反语。我们尝试着在北京大学CCL在线语料库中发现和英语反语相似和不同类型的汉语反语,对英汉反语进行比较和对比。在此基础上发现反语的本质属性是表达了逆反的评价,无论是正话反说还是反话正说往往都带有负面评价的会话含义。汉语反语与英语中的"讽刺"也有相似之处。

The present article takes as its departure point the Gricean Philosophy, which is seen as a feasible basis for a new approach to irony, if a few of modifcations and extensions are added to Grice＇ s original theory. Consequently, a number of types of irony are elucidated： propositional negation irony, ideational reversal irony ,verisimilar irony and surrealistic irony. We attempt to find the types of Chinese fan yu which are different from or similar with the above types of English irony in order to compare and contrast them. We further argue that irony intrinsically expresses the speaker＇ s attitude and carries an reversed evaluation of the referent and generates conversational implicature invariably carrying negative evaluation. We also point out the similarity between Chinese fan yu and English ＂sarcasm. ＂ Chinese fan yu seems to be located between English sarcasm and irony.