海外汉学家视野中的中国古代逻辑

Ancient Chinese logic in the perspective of overseas Sinologists

如何看中国古代逻辑的特殊性?海外汉学家有三种基本的视角:一是中国古代逻辑不是外延逻辑,而是一种讲求秩序和效率的逻辑;二是中国逻辑中的判断是一种辩证性判断;三是中国逻辑中的推理并不是西方逻辑意义上的类比推理,而是以类比推理的形式出现的深入归纳法。这样的分析强调从中国的语言、哲学的文化背景中理解和阐释中国特有的逻辑思想。这样的视野,能够充分说明中国古代逻辑为何是当今的悖论逻辑、归纳逻辑和语言逻辑的研究题材。

How to view the particularity of ancient Chinese logic？ Overseas Sinologists have three basic perspectives： ancient Chinese logic is not an extensional logic; instead, it aims at order and efficiency; its judgment is a dialectic judgment; its reasoning is not an analogical reasoning in the sense of Western logic but a penetrant induction in the form of an analogical reasoning. This analysis emphasizes the understanding and interpretation of ancient Chinese logic in the context of the Chinese language and philosophy, which can well explain why ancient Chinese logic is regarded as a research subject in today＇s paradoxical logic, inductive logic and language logic.